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Research Article | | Peer-Reviewed

Energy Performance Assessment and Baseline Development for Solar PV Systems through Energy Auditing

Manohar Talari*,  Ankarao Mogili
Published in Science Journal of Energy Engineering (Volume 13, Issue 4)
Received: 27 November 2025     Accepted: 12 December 2025     Published: 31 December 2025
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Abstract

Accurate and standardized assessment of solar photovoltaic (PV) performance is critical for operational optimization, financial evaluation, and long-term degradation analysis. This study develops an energy auditing–based performance evaluation framework aligned with IEC 61724-1 and tailored to Indian climatic conditions. The proposed framework integrates a deterministic, physics-based baseline model with a data-driven, weather-normalized assessment approach to derive reliable Energy Performance Indicators (EnPI) and Energy Baselines (EnBl). Key performance metrics, including final yield, reference yield, performance ratio (PR), capacity factor, and specific yield, are systematically evaluated using standardized definitions. State-wise solar generation data obtained from the Central Electricity Authority (CEA) of India are analyzed for the period covering quarterly records from April–June 2024 and April–June 2025 to enable interannual and regional comparison. Weather normalization is applied to reduce the influence of irradiance variability, while statistical robustness is enhanced through multi-year comparison and uncertainty characterization based on distributional spread and central tendency analysis. A representative 1 MWp PV system example demonstrates that a PR baseline of approximately 0.75 corresponds to an expected annual energy generation of about 1.5 GWh under typical Indian irradiance conditions. National-level analysis indicates an overall increase of 19.20% in total solar generation between 2024 and 2025, with 20 states and union territories exhibiting improved performance. State-wise EnPI and EnBl comparisons reveal substantial regional variability in solar PV performance, attributable to differences in climatic conditions, installed capacity, and operational practices. The results confirm that the proposed hybrid baseline framework improves comparability across regions, minimizes year-to-year weather-induced bias, and provides a reproducible and standards-compliant basis for large-scale solar PV performance auditing and benchmarking in India.

Published in Science Journal of Energy Engineering (Volume 13, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.sjee.20251304.13
Page(s) 206-219
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This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Keywords

Solar Photovoltaic Systems, Energy Performance Assessment, Performance Ratio, Baseline Modeling, Weather Normalization, Degradation Analysis

References
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    Talari, M., Mogili, A. (2025). Energy Performance Assessment and Baseline Development for Solar PV Systems through Energy Auditing. Science Journal of Energy Engineering, 13(4), 206-219. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjee.20251304.13

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    Talari, M.; Mogili, A. Energy Performance Assessment and Baseline Development for Solar PV Systems through Energy Auditing. Sci. J. Energy Eng. 2025, 13(4), 206-219. doi: 10.11648/j.sjee.20251304.13

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    AMA Style

    Talari M, Mogili A. Energy Performance Assessment and Baseline Development for Solar PV Systems through Energy Auditing. Sci J Energy Eng. 2025;13(4):206-219. doi: 10.11648/j.sjee.20251304.13

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  • @article{10.11648/j.sjee.20251304.13,
  author = {Manohar Talari and Ankarao Mogili},
  title = {Energy Performance Assessment and Baseline Development for Solar PV Systems through Energy Auditing},
  journal = {Science Journal of Energy Engineering},
  volume = {13},
  number = {4},
  pages = {206-219},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjee.20251304.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjee.20251304.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjee.20251304.13},
  abstract = {Accurate and standardized assessment of solar photovoltaic (PV) performance is critical for operational optimization, financial evaluation, and long-term degradation analysis. This study develops an energy auditing–based performance evaluation framework aligned with IEC 61724-1 and tailored to Indian climatic conditions. The proposed framework integrates a deterministic, physics-based baseline model with a data-driven, weather-normalized assessment approach to derive reliable Energy Performance Indicators (EnPI) and Energy Baselines (EnBl). Key performance metrics, including final yield, reference yield, performance ratio (PR), capacity factor, and specific yield, are systematically evaluated using standardized definitions. State-wise solar generation data obtained from the Central Electricity Authority (CEA) of India are analyzed for the period covering quarterly 	records from April–June 2024 and April–June 2025 to enable interannual and regional comparison. Weather normalization is applied to reduce the influence of irradiance variability, while statistical robustness is enhanced through multi-year comparison and uncertainty characterization based on distributional spread and central tendency analysis. A representative 1 MWp PV system example demonstrates that a PR baseline of approximately 0.75 corresponds to an expected annual energy generation of about 1.5 GWh under typical Indian irradiance conditions. National-level analysis indicates an overall increase of 19.20% in total solar generation between 2024 and 2025, with 20 states and union territories exhibiting improved performance. State-wise EnPI and EnBl comparisons reveal substantial regional variability in solar PV performance, attributable to differences in climatic conditions, installed capacity, and operational practices. The results confirm that the proposed hybrid baseline framework improves comparability across regions, minimizes year-to-year weather-induced bias, and provides a reproducible and standards-compliant basis for large-scale solar PV performance auditing and benchmarking in India.},
 year = {2025}
}

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  • TY  - JOUR
T1  - Energy Performance Assessment and Baseline Development for Solar PV Systems through Energy Auditing
AU  - Manohar Talari
AU  - Ankarao Mogili
Y1  - 2025/12/31
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjee.20251304.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjee.20251304.13
T2  - Science Journal of Energy Engineering
JF  - Science Journal of Energy Engineering
JO  - Science Journal of Energy Engineering
SP  - 206
EP  - 219
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-8126
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjee.20251304.13
AB  - Accurate and standardized assessment of solar photovoltaic (PV) performance is critical for operational optimization, financial evaluation, and long-term degradation analysis. This study develops an energy auditing–based performance evaluation framework aligned with IEC 61724-1 and tailored to Indian climatic conditions. The proposed framework integrates a deterministic, physics-based baseline model with a data-driven, weather-normalized assessment approach to derive reliable Energy Performance Indicators (EnPI) and Energy Baselines (EnBl). Key performance metrics, including final yield, reference yield, performance ratio (PR), capacity factor, and specific yield, are systematically evaluated using standardized definitions. State-wise solar generation data obtained from the Central Electricity Authority (CEA) of India are analyzed for the period covering quarterly 	records from April–June 2024 and April–June 2025 to enable interannual and regional comparison. Weather normalization is applied to reduce the influence of irradiance variability, while statistical robustness is enhanced through multi-year comparison and uncertainty characterization based on distributional spread and central tendency analysis. A representative 1 MWp PV system example demonstrates that a PR baseline of approximately 0.75 corresponds to an expected annual energy generation of about 1.5 GWh under typical Indian irradiance conditions. National-level analysis indicates an overall increase of 19.20% in total solar generation between 2024 and 2025, with 20 states and union territories exhibiting improved performance. State-wise EnPI and EnBl comparisons reveal substantial regional variability in solar PV performance, attributable to differences in climatic conditions, installed capacity, and operational practices. The results confirm that the proposed hybrid baseline framework improves comparability across regions, minimizes year-to-year weather-induced bias, and provides a reproducible and standards-compliant basis for large-scale solar PV performance auditing and benchmarking in India.
VL  - 13
IS  - 4
ER  -

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